Choosing the right DPP provider
30 criteria for choosing the right DPP provider, ordered from legal obligation through security to commercial question. Each one shows what is required - and whether we meet it today.
DPP providers are hard to compare: the legal requirements are complex, and in a sales pitch almost every offer already looks complete. Check these 30 points before you believe a provider. You can download the questionnaire with all the background information as a PDF and print it. If you are after your industry’s duties rather than a provider’s, the industries reference lists the timeline, required data and checklists per industry.
Legally mandatory
What the EU requires directly for digital product passports - regardless of the provider you choose.
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Data exchange in an open, standardised format
The passport data is retrievable through open standards - readable by any authorised system, not only one provider’s software.
The standard requires digital product passports to be accessible over open, standardised protocols - so that authorities, partners and your own systems can read the data without being tied to one provider’s software. A proprietary format would be an island: without the provider you could no longer reach your own data. The standard has been cited in the EU Official Journal since 15 July 2026 (Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2026/1736), carrying the presumption of conformity with the ESPR.
Transpareo delivers all passport data and interfaces over standard HTTPS in structured, machine-readable form - no special software, no proprietary protocols. Every published version is additionally signed, so a recipient can not only read the data but verify that it is unchanged. What you see in the interface is the same record any authorised system retrieves over the open interfaces.
Source: EN 18216, data-exchange-protocol requirement: ‘The data exchange protocols specified in this clause shall be used for standardized DPP access.’
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Unique, portable identifier without vendor lock-in
The product’s identifier belongs to the product, not to the platform - the passport keeps its identity if you change provider.
Every passport needs a unique identifier that points to the same product permanently and assumes no particular provider. If a provider ties the identifier to its own infrastructure, you lose the identity of your passports when you move - every printed code and every registration would then point into the void. The standard has been cited in the EU Official Journal since 15 July 2026.
Transpareo issues the identifier as a GS1 Digital Link carrying your GTIN - an open industry standard that belongs to the product, not the platform - and validates every identifier against the permitted standard schemes. The signing identity lives as a DID:web on your own domain, not ours. The identifier keeps resolving even if a system fails: a permanent fallback address keeps answering, and the passport keeps its identity across any change of provider.
Source: EN 18219, clause 4.6.2(3): ‘The unique identifier shall not result in vendor lock-in.’
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Physical data carrier, durably readable
The QR code on the product opens the passport in any browser - no app, no account, on any smartphone.
The passport must be reachable through a machine-readable carrier on the product that anyone can open without special software - and that stays readable over the whole product life, including use and repair. A carrier that demands a particular app or account shuts out part of the public. The standard has been cited in the EU Official Journal since 15 July 2026.
Transpareo produces a QR code per ISO/IEC 18004 that carries a GS1 Digital Link address and resolves straight to the passport in any browser - no login, no download, any smartphone. Model, batch and item are already encoded in the address, so a scan lands on the right level directly. Because the address stays stable through a permanent fallback resolution, a code once printed stays valid over the whole product life.
Source: EN 18220, data-carrier requirements (Clause 5): symbology, encoding, print quality and durability; the carrier should remain usable after several use-reuse-repair cycles.
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Storage and archiving over the minimum term
Every published version stays retrievable for the legally prescribed period - earlier states too, not just the current one.
The standard requires a passport and its version history to be stored and kept unchanged and retrievable for the period prescribed by regulation. If only the current state is held, the traceability of earlier entries is lost - yet that is exactly what an economic operator must be able to prove to authorities. The retention period follows the relevant sector law; the ESPR asks for at least the expected lifetime of the product. The standard has been cited in the EU Official Journal since 15 July 2026.
Transpareo writes every publication as a frozen, signed version into an immutable archive where no one can later change or delete it - neither you nor us. Earlier states stay retrievable alongside the current one, and every version carries a timestamp and signature. For any point in time you can prove what the passport stated back then.
Source: EN 18221: ‘The digital product passport shall be available to specifically authorized users … during the digital product passport lifetime.’
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API for lifecycle management and searchability
A programming interface reads, creates and searches passports - not just a web interface to click through.
Beyond display in the browser, the standard requires a programming interface through which passports can be created, read, updated and searched by product identifier. Without such an interface, every bulk operation stays manual and other systems cannot use the passport inventory automatically. The standard has been cited in the EU Official Journal since 15 July 2026.
Transpareo serves the prescribed standard methods over a versioned, standardised interface: passports can be created, read, updated and searched page by page over product identifiers, programmatically. The signed passport is delivered unchanged - the interface hands out exactly the bytes whose signature a verifier can recompute.
Source: EN 18222: a standardized API for DPP lifecycle management and searchability, as mandated by the ESPR.
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Interoperable data model
The passport data follows a shared model that other systems can read without reformatting.
So that passports fit together across systems and supply chains, the standard prescribes a shared data model with a common meaning for every field. A provider-specific model forces every partner into its own translation - and every translation is a source of errors. The standard has been cited in the EU Official Journal since 15 July 2026.
Transpareo builds on a horizontal vocabulary layer with parallel, recognised domain vocabularies (GS1, EPCIS and others) and describes each data point with a reference to its dictionary and its data type. A receiving system therefore learns not just what a field is called but what it means - the passport stays readable without reformatting.
Source: EN 18223: a common semantic data model for DPP system interoperability.
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Four-tier access rights model
Public, on-demand, legitimate-interest and authority data are kept apart field by field - everyone sees what they are entitled to.
The standard distinguishes public data, which anyone reads without logging in, from controlled data, which opens only after authentication and according to the reader’s role, for authorities or for the roles a regulation sets. Rights apply per data element, and every access to controlled data is logged in a way that cannot be forged or deleted. EN 18239 has been published as the European standard EN 18239:2026, with the German edition appearing as DIN EN 18239:2026-11; the EU Official Journal has not cited it yet.
Transpareo carries visibility as a property on each data field, in four tiers: public, on demand, legitimate interest and authorities. Public and on-demand data are served without authentication. Legitimate-interest data goes only to a signed-in reader in an access group the issuer has cleared, and authority data only through a separate authority interface with read-only access. The standard’s two access schemes, public without login and controlled by role, are therefore built into the architecture. The access log is partial: every authority read is logged individually and reads over an API key as hourly counts, while a signed-in person reading legitimate-interest data is not logged, and the log is not protected against forgery.
Source: EN 18239:2026, clauses 5.2 and 6.2: public DPP data can be read without authentication; controlled data is reached only through authenticated, role-based access, and every access to it is logged.
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Verifiable data authenticity and integrity
Every version is signed twice and can be checked in the browser - trusting the data itself, not us.
The standard requires the authenticity and integrity of a passport to be provable, with verification free and unlimited. Trust must not hang on the provider’s survival but must stick to the data record itself - otherwise every passport is only as credible as whichever company currently hosts it. EN 18246 has been published as the European standard EN 18246:2026, with the German edition appearing as DIN EN 18246:2026-11; the EU Official Journal has not cited it yet.
Transpareo signs every published version with two independent keys (issuer and Transpareo) and chains the versions by their hash in the Transpareo Proofchain, so even the history cannot be rewritten unnoticed. An open-source renderer checks both signatures right in the browser without contacting any server of ours - the required signed, self-verifying proof is already in place. Where the keys come from is partial: the standard asks everyone who supplies data for a certificate issued after an identity check, while our issuer keys are published on the issuer’s own domain without such a certificate.
Source: EN 18246:2026, clause 4.7: the authenticity and integrity of DPP data must be verifiable, free of charge and with interoperable mechanisms.
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Connection to the EU Commission register
Registration including an official proof through the programming interface of the EU register. The register is running, but the technical specification of the interface is not yet published, so no provider can meet this today.
Every passport subject to registration must be entered in the central EU register, which assigns a permanent registration ID and on request issues an official proof of registration. The register has been running since 20 July 2026. Today the economic operator makes the entry itself, in the register’s web form or by uploading a file of up to 100 passports. The regulation also provides for a programming interface, whose technical specification the Commission has not yet published. And according to the register’s user guide no passport can yet be registered successfully, because the data definitions for the first product group, batteries, are still missing. So no provider can demonstrate a connection today; where one claims otherwise, you should ask.
Transpareo has prepared the connection as far as it can be prepared without the technical specification: registration ID, proof of registration, version hash and the address of every version are already in place in the data model. We expect registration to be connectable through the interface once the Commission has documented it; you will not have to rework your passports for it. Until then this box stays unticked.
Source: DPP Register Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1778, Art. 3(a) and (b) and Art. 8(6) (registration through the web interface or the programming interface); DPP Registry User Guide for Economic Operators, version 1.03 (September 2026), section 6.2.1 (registration not currently possible).
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Retention of registration data over the statutory period
Transpareo Vault is an immutable ten-year archive - neither the manufacturer nor Transpareo can change a version after the fact.
The EU register keeps a passport's registration data for ten years from registration where Union law sets no duration of its own, and otherwise for as long as the passport has to be available. The passport itself has to stay available even if the manufacturer becomes insolvent or ceases trading. The duty therefore outlives both your contract with a provider and the provider itself.
Transpareo holds an immutable archive for this, in which no one can later change or delete a version once written - neither the manufacturer nor us. The archive takes effect automatically with EU registration. Transpareo itself is built to last as well: 51 per cent of the share capital of Transpareo AG is held by the non-profit Transpareo Foundation in Zug, Switzerland, which is subject to the Federal Supervisory Authority for Foundations. A foundation cannot sell off its assets, so the majority stake in the company can never change hands, and long-term access to your passports is structurally secured.
Source: DPP Register Implementing Regulation, Art. 10(3) (ten-year retention); ESPR Art. 11(e) (availability after an insolvency).
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Product data in the languages of each target market
The mandatory content appears in the language each country of sale determines; for EU-wide sales that means many of the 24 official languages.
A battery’s instructions and safety information and contact details must be in a language end-users can easily understand, as determined by the member state where the battery is placed on the market - not only in the language of the manufacturer’s home country. Serving only the home market leaves the duty unmet for every other target market.
Transpareo maintains each passport in multiple languages and delivers the mandatory content in all 24 EU official languages. You capture the content once; the language versions follow from it, without paying per language or maintaining separate passports. The passport is compliant and readable in every target market.
Source: Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 38(1)(a) and 38(7): instructions, safety information and contact details in a language determined by the member state where the battery is placed on the market.
Useful for running a DPP database
Not everywhere legally enforced, but decisive for whether the system holds up day to day.
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Languages beyond the EU
16 further languages beyond the 24 EU official languages - 40 in total, for markets outside the Union.
Beyond the legal duty, it helps if a passport also covers languages outside the EU - for export markets, international trade partners and consumers who speak no official language of the Union.
Transpareo maintains 40 language versions in total, the 24 EU official languages included. You capture the content once and deliver it in any language you need, without paying extra per language. The interface where you maintain your passports (the application manager) is translated into all 40 languages too, and you can enter information in any of the available languages.
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Versioning and change history
Every change creates a new, traceable version with timestamp and author - across the whole product lifecycle.
A passport changes over the life of the product; without an unbroken version history you cannot later prove which state applied when. The standard therefore requires all changes to the passport to be archived.
Transpareo freezes every publication as its own signed version and records who created it, when, and which fields changed. Every entry stays verifiable in retrospect, and a later correction does not overwrite the history but continues it.
Source: EN 18221: ‘All changes to the digital product passport shall be archived.’
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Scalable bulk creation for product families
Upload product data via Excel or CSV and map it to the mandatory fields - plus a bulk API for large volumes.
Anyone with many similar products cannot create each passport by hand; a workable system needs a way to capture whole product families at once.
Transpareo lets you upload product data via Excel or CSV and map it to the mandatory fields; for very large volumes a bulk API additionally creates passports programmatically. Creation therefore scales from a dozen to tens of thousands of passports.
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Role-based internal permissions
Who in the company may maintain or release which data is governed - including tightly scoped, time-limited access for outsiders.
Not everyone in the company should be able to edit or release every passport entry; the standard requires role-based permissions with logged access.
Transpareo assigns rights per role and user group and logs every change. Outsiders such as workshops or recyclers receive only tightly scoped, time-limited access; authorities read through a separate, read-only interface that marks every access in the audit log. Who checks and releases a publication, and in which order, you set in Transpareo Flow.
Source: EN 18239:2026, clause 5.2: who may read or manage controlled DPP data follows from their role; every access to, and every change of, roles, rights and controlled data is logged.
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Retention beyond the end of the contract
If you cancel, your published passports stay reachable in the immutable ten-year archive.
The retention duty does not end with the contract: a registered passport must persist over the statutory period even after you leave the provider. A provider that switches passports off on cancellation leaves you with a compliance problem.
Transpareo carries this through the same immutable ten-year archive as the registration data - after a cancellation a permanent fallback address keeps serving the passports, and the authority interface reads the same record from the post-contract archive. QR codes already printed stay valid.
Source: EN 18221: archived versions are stored by the back-up service provider as well.
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Signing with your own cryptographic key
Bring Your Own Key: you hold the private key yourself, we only add an independent counter-signature.
Whoever holds the private signing key can create passports in the issuer’s name; that is why it is safer for the issuer to keep that key itself instead of entrusting it to the provider.
With Bring Your Own Key your company runs its own signing endpoint - Transpareo never holds the private key and only adds an independent counter-signature. Every version therefore carries two mutually independent signatures, and your issuer signature is one Transpareo itself cannot produce.
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Issuer identity independent of the platform
Your issuer identity lives as a DID:web on your own domain, not ours - a change of provider becomes a DNS move.
So that a verifier can find your public keys, the passport needs a published issuer identity. If it lives on the provider’s domain, it ties you to that provider: a move would void every code already printed.
Transpareo publishes your identity as a DID:web on your own domain, not ours - a change of provider therefore becomes a DNS move, and codes already printed, along with their verification, stay valid. On top of that we mirror every public key at the moment of publication to a permanent address, so every version stays verifiable even if the original host disappears.
Source: EN 18219, clause 4.2.2 (permanence): identifiers persist across the life cycle; web domains can be transferred or redirected.
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Verifiability by third parties, entirely without the provider
The open-source Transpareo Time Machine checks the hash and signatures in the browser - without contacting any server of ours.
The decisive test of trust is whether a third party can check the passport without the provider’s infrastructure. The standard requires checking validity and integrity to be free of charge and without limitations for the verifier.
Transpareo publishes an open-source renderer for this, which loads a version’s bytes from any source, recomputes the hash and checks both signatures against the public keys named in the passport - no login, no call to us, no dependence on a running platform. Anyone who is suspicious can read the source code.
Source: EN 18246:2026, clause 4.7: checking the validity and integrity of DPP data is free of charge and unrestricted for the verifier.
Desirable extra features
What the system can do when you also want to use the captured data outside the DPP.
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Switching provider without data loss
When you move, you take the full passport set in open formats - signed and self-verifying; at contract end the mandatory passports stay reachable in the immutable ten-year archive, with no data loss.
A provider that makes moving hard holds you captive over your own data - and what happens to your data at the end of the contract decides whether you can move freely. The standard therefore requires data to be transferable through an open, interoperable network without vendor lock-in.
Transpareo places the regulatory passport artefacts from the outset in an open, publicly mirror-friendly area: a simple sync produces a complete, signed copy that verifies itself against the published keys, with nothing needed from us. The full event archive we hand to you or your new provider over a signed, time-limited download address, and the upstream product catalogue additionally as JSON-LD and CSV. At contract end the registered mandatory passports stay reachable through the immutable ten-year archive: the public mirror and the archive stay in sync and hand over the same data set, QR codes already printed keep resolving via the permanent fallback address, and the register reference points to the new address. So the contract ends without data loss and without breaking the statutory retention.
Source: EN 18216: data must be ‘transferable through an open, interoperable network without vendor lock-in.’
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Connection to existing systems instead of a data island
Transpareo Connect links the passport to your systems through signed webhooks and a bulk API - no ready-made connector for one specific ERP.
A passport that lives only in the provider’s interface becomes a data island alongside your other systems - every change then has to be maintained twice.
Transpareo reports events over signed webhooks and lets data be read in and out over a bulk API, so you can connect the passport to your own system landscape. We deliberately do not ship a ready-made connector for one specific ERP system - the open, signed interfaces suit any system rather than favouring one.
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Batch import and export beyond the bare EU obligation
Larger volumes of data move in both directions - not just the bare mandatory fields.
Anyone who wants to use the captured data outside the passport needs import and export for more than the legal mandatory fields.
Transpareo takes in larger volumes of data via Excel, CSV and the bulk API and gives them back out at the same scope. The system therefore serves not only EU compliance but your own data management too.
Security & data protection
Enterprise security and evidence for GDPR and NIS 2 - beyond the DPP obligation itself.
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Separate database and key
Your data sits in its own database, and sensitive data in it is encrypted with a key of its own for your workspace.
In a shared database your data is entangled with those of other customers; clean, demonstrable separation is then hard to achieve - and the right to erasure under the GDPR becomes hard to prove.
At Transpareo each customer sits in its own database, and we store sensitive data in it encrypted, with a separate key for each workspace. This satisfies the right to erasure through verifiable deletion; hosting is in Germany and the data processing agreement (DPA) is included.
Source: GDPR Art. 17(1) (right to erasure), met through a separate database, own key and verifiable deletion.
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Encryption and backups
TLS on all connections, sensitive data stored encrypted in the database, and encrypted backups.
A provider must protect data in transit and at rest and guard against loss; the GDPR requires appropriate measures, taking into account the state of the art for this, including, as appropriate, encryption and timely restoration after an incident.
Transpareo encrypts all connections with TLS and stores sensitive data encrypted in the database. Backups are encrypted, taken every four hours and kept apart from the servers.
Source: GDPR Art. 32(1) (security of processing): TLS, encrypted storage of sensitive data and encrypted backups.
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Security event log
Login attempts, MFA challenges and API key activity are logged and kept for one year.
Security-relevant events must stay traceable - who logged in when, and how keys were used. The NIS 2 Directive lists incident handling among the minimum measures Member States require of essential and important entities, and only a log of the events before an incident lets you work it through.
Transpareo keeps a security event log of login attempts, MFA challenges and API key activity, retained for one year. The year is our own choice.
Source: NIS 2 Directive, Art. 21(2)(b) (incident handling); Transpareo sets the log and its one-year retention.
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Multi-factor authentication
Authenticator app, passkey or hardware key for every user, with backup codes for loss.
A single password protects an account only weakly; the NIS 2 Directive lists access control policies and, where appropriate, multi-factor authentication among the minimum measures Member States require of essential and important entities.
Transpareo offers multi-factor authentication for every user of the application manager - via authenticator app, passkey or hardware key - plus backup codes for loss. MFA can be enforced for your account.
Source: NIS 2 Directive, Art. 21(2)(i) and (j) (access control and multi-factor authentication).
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ISO 27001-certified hosting in Germany
Servers in Germany with strict physical and organisational security measures.
Where the servers sit and how the data centre is secured decides the physical security of your data - and which law it falls under.
Transpareo hosts on ISO 27001-certified servers in Germany, with strict physical and organisational security measures. The German location additionally keeps your data fully under European law.
Source: ISO/IEC 27001 (information security management), certified data centre in Germany.
Commercial and organisational questions
What the collaboration costs day to day - in money and in your own effort.
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Does the provider handle EU registration for you?
Today the economic operator makes the register entry itself; the register offers providers no access yet. We expect this to become possible, and will then handle registration including the official proof for you.
Entry in the EU register including obtaining the official proof is recurring effort that a provider could take on for you. The Register Regulation lets a third party register on the operator's behalf only where Union law provides for it, and legal responsibility stays with the economic operator even then. Today the economic operator makes the entry itself.
We expect service providers to become able to register on the operator’s behalf. Transpareo will then handle registration for you - you remain the legally responsible economic operator but carry none of the operational effort. Until then Transpareo prepares the details the entry asks for.
Source: DPP Register Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1778, Art. 8(2) and Art. 19(4): a third party registers on the operator’s behalf only where Union law provides for it; responsibility stays with the economic operator.
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A clear rule for support effort and support costs
At Transpareo, support is included in the price - no separate support contract, no extra costs.
Some providers separate usage from support and bill help separately; the collaboration becomes hard to budget as a result.
At Transpareo support is part of the tariff - no separate support contract, no extra hours billed by effort. Whatever support you need is already included in the stated price.
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Transparent pricing structure
Four public tariffs for every company size, a free trial, cancel any time - without hidden extra costs per language, product or API call.
A pricing structure that only becomes visible in the sales conversation, or bills extra per language, product and API call, makes the true cost unpredictable.
Transpareo publishes four tariffs for every company size openly on the website, with a free trial and cancellation at any time. There are no hidden extra costs per language, product or interface call - the stated price is the price.
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This page is also available as a print-ready comparison sheet (PDF): the same criteria, the “Transpareo” column already filled in, two blank columns for you to complete. Take it into your next provider conversation.